The recreational drug of choice in hunter-gatherer communities
is usually some form of hallucinogen.
Hallucinogenic compounds are rarely addictive because they typically don’t
operate on the dopamine-based reward circuits of the brain. By stark contrast, the drug of choice for
agriculturalists is invariably an addictive agent that directly targets the
reward circuits: almost always a pain-reducing soporific such as alcohol or opium,
but occasionally a behavior-increasing dopaminergic substance such as cocaine
or amphetamine.
Two things here:
First, why is it hunter-gatherers tend to prefer perception-expanding
agents over feel-good chemicals?
Second, what is it about a domestication-based lifestyle
that lends itself to drugs that target the brain’s reward circuits? And why is it that the drug of choice for agriculturalists
is usually an experience-blunting analgesic agent?
Good questions.
ReplyDeleteA couple of other points I have thought about.
ReplyDeleteWhy do agriculturalists support the use of these reward drugs, through cultural traditions, advertising, and other social pressures?
And why do agriculturalists abhor the use of perception expanding drugs, or at least the ones considered to be "polite company" for lack of a better term?
Hey anonymous, I apologize for not responding sooner. I’ve been a bit under the weather lately—and have spent the last several weeks under the influence of some of the highest caliber “reward" drugs reserved for cancer patients following surgery.
DeleteYou raise two excellent (and intimately related) points. I wonder if it has something to do with the fact addictive agents enhance the degree to which a person’s behavior can be predicted and controlled, whereas perception altering agents make a person’s behavior less predictable—and thus less amenable to external regulation. “Polite company” is a nice euphemism for “docile and conforming.”